深度学习GoogleNet模型支持下的中分辨率遥感影像自动分类     

陈斌  王宏志  徐新良  王首泰  张亚庆 《测绘通报》2019,(6):29-33,40

提出了一种基于深度学习技术的遥感分类方法，它能有效解决中分辨率影像在分类过程中出现的像元混分问题。研究选用2016年5月12日武汉市Landsat 7 ETM+遥感影像，基于GoogleNet模型中的Inception V3网络结构，借助迁移学习方法，构建出遥感分类模型，实现了对武汉市主城区4类典型地物（不透水层、植被、水体和其他用地）的自动分类提取，并将分类结果与传统最大似然分类（ML）结果进行了对比分析。研究表明：基于深度学习方法的遥感影像总体分类精度高达88.33%，Kappa系数为0.834 2，明显优于传统ML方法总体分类精度83%和Kappa系数0.755 0，而且有效抑制了地物在分类过程中出现的像元混分现象。  相似文献   

Strain analysis of a seismically imaged mass‐transport complex,offshore Uruguay     

Michael J. Steventon  Christopher A.‐L. Jackson  David M. Hodgson  Howard D. Johnson 《Basin Research》2019,31(3):600-620

Strain style, magnitude and distribution within mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) are important for understanding the process evolution of submarine mass flows and for estimating their runout distances. Structural restoration and quantification of strain in gravitationally driven passive margins have been shown to approximately balance between updip extensional and downdip contractional domains; such an exercise has not yet been attempted for MTCs. We here interpret and structurally restore a shallowly buried (c. 1,500 mbsf) and well‐imaged MTC, offshore Uruguay using a high‐resolution (12.5 m vertical and 15 × 12.5 m horizontal resolution) three‐dimensional seismic‐reflection survey. This allows us to characterise and quantify vertical and lateral strain distribution within the deposit. Detailed seismic mapping and attribute analysis shows that the MTC is characterised by a complicated array of kinematic indicators, which vary spatially in style and concentration. Seismic‐attribute extractions reveal several previously undocumented fabrics preserved in the MTC, including internal shearing in the form of sub‐orthogonal shear zones, and fold‐thrust systems within the basal shear zone beneath rafted‐blocks. These features suggest multiple transport directions and phases of flow during emplacement. The MTC is characterised by a broadly tripartite strain distribution, with extensional (e.g. normal faults), translational and contractional (e.g. folds and thrusts) domains, along with a radial frontally emergent zone. We also show how strain is preferentially concentrated around intra‐MTC rafted‐blocks due to their kinematic interactions with the underlying basal shear zone. Overall, and even when volume loss within the frontally emergent zone is included, a strain difference between extension (1.6–1.9 km) and contraction (6.7–7.3 km) is calculated. We attribute this to a combination of distributed, sub‐seismic, ‘cryptic’ strain, likely related to de‐watering, grain‐scale deformation and related changes in bulk sediment volume. This work has implications for assessing MTCs strain distribution and provides a practical approach for evaluating structural interpretations within such deposits.  相似文献   

浅述深水水道的形态学特征          下载免费PDF全文

尚文亮  徐少华  李小刚  秦磊  杨丽玉  刘家恺  姚雪婷 《地质找矿论丛》2020,35(2):204-209

目前深水水道的分类方案较多,本文基于深水水道的形态学特征,且聚焦于单一型深水水道,将其划分为顺直型(曲率介于1～1.25)、低弯度S型(曲率介于1.25～1.5)和高弯度S型(曲率1.5)。其中,顺直型水道侵蚀作用最强,往往不发育天然堤沉积,无侧向加积;低弯度S型水道发育天然堤,并具有侧向加积;高弯度S型天然堤及侧向加积最为发育,决口扇常与之伴生。深水水道的曲率是水道形态的直观表现,曲率大小主要受深水地貌即深水地形坡度的影响。在上陆坡区域,地形坡度较大,沉积物能量强,深水水道以顺直型为主。中陆坡区域,随着地形坡度的减缓,水道的弯曲形态也逐渐增加,形成低弯度S型,直至下陆坡,水道演变为高弯度的S型。  相似文献   

Modelling the effect of changing precipitation inputs on deep soil water utilization          下载免费PDF全文

Ji Qi  Daniel Markewitz  David Radcliffe 《水文研究》2018,32(5):672-686

Forests in the Southeastern United States are predicted to experience future changes in seasonal patterns of precipitation inputs as well as more variable precipitation events. These climate change‐induced alterations could increase drought and lower soil water availability. Drought could alter rooting patterns and increase the importance of deep roots that access subsurface water resources. To address plant response to drought in both deep rooting and soil water utilization as well as soil drainage, we utilize a throughfall reduction experiment in a loblolly pine plantation of the Southeastern United States to calibrate and validate a hydrological model. The model was accurately calibrated against field measured soil moisture data under ambient rainfall and validated using 30% throughfall reduction data. Using this model, we then tested these scenarios: (a) evenly reduced precipitation; (b) less precipitation in summer, more in winter; (c) same total amount of precipitation with less frequent but heavier storms; and (d) shallower rooting depth under the above 3 scenarios. When less precipitation was received, drainage decreased proportionally much faster than evapotranspiration implying plants will acquire water first to the detriment of drainage. When precipitation was reduced by more than 30%, plants relied on stored soil water to satisfy evapotranspiration suggesting 30% may be a threshold that if sustained over the long term would deplete plant available soil water. Under the third scenario, evapotranspiration and drainage decreased, whereas surface run‐off increased. Changes in root biomass measured before and 4 years after the throughfall reduction experiment were not detected among treatments. Model simulations, however, indicated gains in evapotranspiration with deeper roots under evenly reduced precipitation and seasonal precipitation redistribution scenarios but not when precipitation frequency was adjusted. Deep soil and deep rooting can provide an important buffer capacity when precipitation alone cannot satisfy the evapotranspirational demand of forests. How this buffering capacity will persist in the face of changing precipitation inputs, however, will depend less on seasonal redistribution than on the magnitude of reductions and changes in rainfall frequency.  相似文献   

Macrobenthic infaunal communities associated with deep‐sea hydrocarbon seeps in the northern Gulf of Mexico          下载免费PDF全文

Travis W. Washburn  Amanda W. J. Demopoulos  Paul A. Montagna 《Marine Ecology》2018,39(3)

There are thousands of seeps in the deep ocean worldwide; however, many questions remain about their contributions to global biodiversity and the surrounding deep‐sea environment. In addition to being globally distributed, seeps provide several benefits to humans such as unique habitats, organisms with novel genes, and carbon regulation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are unique seep macrobenthic assemblages, by comparing seep and nonseep environments, different seep habitats, and seeps at different depths and locations. Infaunal community composition, diversity, and abundance were examined between seep and nonseep background environments and among three seep habitats (i.e., microbial mats, tubeworms, and soft‐bottom seeps). Abundances were higher at seep sites compared to background areas. Abundance and diversity also differed among microbial mat, tubeworm, and soft‐bottom seep habitats. Although seeps contained different macrobenthic assemblages than nonseep areas, infaunal communities were also generally unique for each seep. Variability was 75% greater within communities near seeps compared to communities in background areas. Thus, high variability in community structure characterized seep communities rather than specific taxa. The lack of similarity among seep sites supports the idea that there are no specific infauna that can be used as indicators of seepage throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico, at least at higher taxonomic levels.  相似文献   

西太平洋深海海水中乙醛降解菌多样性及群落结构研究     

高波良  商谢谢  李丽  狄文婕  曾润颖 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(8):54-64

As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants.  相似文献   

基于卷积神经网络与条件随机场方法提取乡镇非正规固体废弃物     

刘懿兰  黄晓霞  李红旮  柳泽  陈崇  王新歌 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(2):259-268

随着村镇经济建设发展,生活垃圾和工业固体废弃物造成的污染问题日益突出,已经成为制约新农村建设发展和生态文明建设的关键问题,而目前针对乡镇非正规固体废弃物的调查与统计主要依赖全国各乡镇相关部门逐级调查上报,工作量较大。本文基于高分辨率遥感影像,将深度学习模型和条件随机场模型相结合引入到乡镇固体废弃物的提取研究中,探索一种基于深度卷积神经网络的乡镇固体废弃物提取模型。由于固体废弃物在影像上表现为面积小,分布破碎等特点,为了提高工作效率,将模型特分为识别和提取2个部分：① 通过全连接卷积网络（CNN）对固体废弃物进行快速识别判断,筛选感兴趣区域影像块;② 在传统的全卷积神经网络(FCN)的基础上加入条件随机场模型(CRF)提取固体废弃物边界,提高整体分割精度。根据安徽、山西等地区相关部门上报固体废弃物堆放点以及住房与城乡建设部城乡规划管理中心进行野外检查的结果,实验最终识别精度达到86.87%以上;形状提取精度为89.84%,Kappa系数为0.7851,识别与提取精度均优于传统分类方法。同时,该方法已经逐步应用于住房和城乡建设部有关成都、兰州、河北等部分乡镇非正规固体废弃物的核查工作,取得了较为满意的结果。  相似文献   

A hybrid integrated deep learning model for the prediction of citywide spatio-temporal flow volumes     

Yibin Ren  Huanfa Chen  Tao Cheng  Yang Zhang  Ge Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(4):802-823

ABSTRACT

The spatio-temporal residual network (ST-ResNet) leverages the power of deep learning (DL) for predicting the volume of citywide spatio-temporal flows. However, this model, neglects the dynamic dependency of the input flows in the temporal dimension, which affects what spatio-temporal features may be captured in the result. This study introduces a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network into the ST-ResNet to form a hybrid integrated-DL model to predict the volumes of citywide spatio-temporal flows (called HIDLST). The new model can dynamically learn the temporal dependency among flows via the feedback connection in the LSTM to improve accurate captures of spatio-temporal features in the flows. We test the HIDLST model by predicting the volumes of citywide taxi flows in Beijing, China. We tune the hyperparameters of the HIDLST model to optimize the prediction accuracy. A comparative study shows that the proposed model consistently outperforms ST-ResNet and several other typical DL-based models on prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we discuss the distribution of prediction errors and the contributions of the different spatio-temporal patterns.  相似文献   

Detecting regional dominant movement patterns in trajectory data with a convolutional neural network     

Can Yang  Győző Gidófalvi 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(5):996-1021

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华南陆缘高热流区的壳幔温度结构与动力学背景          下载免费PDF全文

张健  王蓓羽  唐显春  董淼  艾依飞 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):3917-3932

华南陆缘是我国重要的矿产、地热资源区.晚中生代以来，在太平洋板块西向俯冲，地幔热对流活动共同作用下，该区出现多期岩浆-热事件和大规模爆发式成矿作用.在前人研究基础上，本文利用地表热流观测资料、地震剪切波资料、重力位球谐系数，计算了壳-幔温度结构，分析了动力学背景.计算结果表明：华南陆缘东南沿海地带，地壳10 km以浅温度达200℃以上，居里点温度475℃，莫霍面平均温度550℃.地壳浅层较热，花岗岩中放射性元素衰变放热是地壳浅层地下水热活动的重要热源，但地壳总体温度不高，为"冷壳热幔"型热结构.地幔中，90 km深度，温度950~1250℃；120 km深度，温度1050~1400℃；150 km深度，温度1200~1450℃；220 km深度，温度1500~1700℃."热"岩石圈底界深度在110~150 km之间，西深东浅.岩石圈内，地幔应力场为挤压-伸展相间格局；岩石圈之下，地幔应力场为一个以南昌为中心、长轴NE-SW向的椭圆.分析认为，晚中生代以来，太平洋板块的西向俯冲，导致华南陆缘在区域性SE向地幔对流背景上叠加局域性不稳定热扰动，在175~85Ma期间，上地幔物质向上流动，形成不同的岩浆活动高峰期.同时，岩石圈地幔受俯冲洋壳流体的影响，含水量高，黏度小，在地幔流切向应力场作用下，岩石圈底界由西向东"波浪"状减薄.现今岩石圈之下仍具备地幔小尺度热对流温度条件，但除地表浅层外，地壳整体温度不高，岩石圈构造稳定.  相似文献